For this hash function, we can use the Anders Brownworth Hash

program. There are two sections: the data section and the hash section.

If we type any character in the data section, we will get its

corresponding cryptographic hash in the hash section.

If we make a small change in the input, the equivalent hash produced

will be entirely different.

It is difficult to determine the original string from the equivalent hash,

and the only method to determine the original string from its hash is

by using “brute-force”, which means that we have to take random

inputs, hash them and compare them with the target hash.

2. RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD)

Developed by H ans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Prencel

in 19 9 2 RIPEMD is a group of hash functions. It is an N-bit message-

digest algorithm and cryptographic hash function. It is based upon the

design principles used in MD4 and is similar in performance to the

more popular SHA-1.

RIPEMD-128 is a plug-in substitute for RIPEMD with a 128-bit

result. However, in view of some, 128-bit hash results do not offer

sufficient protection, and applications using 128-bit hash functions

should consider upgrading to a 160-bit function.

RIPEMD-160 is a strengthened version of RIPEMD with a 160-bit

hash result. The design philosophy is to build as much as possible on

experience gained by evaluating MD4, MD5 , and RIPEMD. It is tuned

for 3 2-bit processors, like its predecessors. RIPMED-160 was

designed in the open academic community, in contrast to the NSA-

designed family of algorithms, SHA. On the other hand, RIPEMD-160

appears to be used somewhat less frequently than SHA-1, which may

have caused it to be less scrutinized than SHA-1.

RIPEMD-25 6/ 3 20 are optional extensions of RIPEMD-128 and

RIPEMD-160, respectively, and intended for applications of hash

functions that require a longer hash result without needing a higher

security level. The 25 6 and 3 20-bit versions diminish the chance of

accidental collision compared with RIPEMD-128 and RIPEMD-160

while offering the same level of security.

Working